RARESIDUAL AFTERMATH
WARFARE ECOLOGY & ENVIRONMENTAL LEGACIES

THE HISTORICAL ATLAS / CONFLICT & LEGACY

Past fighting.
Present questions.

Explore 303 state-based conflicts recorded in 1946–2025, alongside selected earlier history and environmental cases.

A defined archive, not every war in history. UCDP/PRIO ACD version 26.1 contains 2,816 conflict-year records. At least one party is a state government; recorded activity meets a threshold of at least 25 battle-related deaths in a calendar year. Non-state-only violence, one-sided violence and below-threshold years are outside this dataset. Read the scope and methods ↓
Explore current conflict briefs ↗Browse all resources ↗
19462025

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Circle = country reference. Country points name the dispute’s country associations, not battle locations or historical borders. One conflict can appear at several points. Marker counts count distinct matching conflict IDs, not events, deaths or damage.

Diamonds are a separate, selected reference layer, not filtered by the conflict year, region, country or search. They are approximate case locations, not concentration points. Their wartime, collection and assessment dates appear in the case descriptions below.

Recorded conflicts

Choose a conflict

Use the list or a country reference to explore.

A SEPARATE EVIDENCE LAYER

Selected legacies.
Different kinds of evidence.

These four environmental cases and one earlier historical example are editorial selections. They are not inferred from UCDP conflict records or automatically assigned to dataset entries.

How to read the historical recordsDates, coverage and limitations

COVERAGE, SOURCES & REUSE

Read the years carefully.

What a year means

A year appears only when the dataset records qualifying state-based conflict activity. Gaps do not establish peace. First and last recorded years are not a continuous war span or proof that a conflict ended. The latest dataset year is 2025; there are no 2026 observations here.

What a point means

The dataset’s country association does not necessarily locate fighting. Modern Natural Earth label points are display references; historical polities are matched to modern references or editorial approximate points. They do not reconstruct historical borders or imply territorial claims.

What remains unassessed

Conflict entries have no automatic environmental harm classification. A blank assessment means no assessment was linked here, not no harm. Earlier coverage is limited to the selected references; this does not map all pre-1946 conflicts.

Dataset and transformations

UCDP/PRIO Armed Conflict Dataset v26.1, downloaded 22 October 2026. All 2,816 annual records retained, grouped into 303 conflict IDs. A year filter selects actual recorded years, not the interval between first and last. Country points are grouped by country names in the matching annual records; no event coordinates are inferred.

Download the source CSV ↓ · Download the transformed atlas data ↓ · Read the codebook ↗ · UCDP download center ↗

Dataset: CC BY 4.0. Cite Gleditsch et al. (2002), Armed Conflict 1946–2001: A New Dataset, Journal of Peace Research 39(5), 615–637; Davies, Pettersson & Öberg (2026), Organized violence 1989–2025, and violent political protests, Journal of Peace Research 63(4); and Pettersson (2026), ACD codebook v26.1.

Land outlines and modern country label coordinates: Natural Earth, public domain, 1:110m. The background excludes Antarctica and does not draw country borders. Historical-name and display-point choices are editorial transformations documented in the downloadable data. Legacy references use their linked sources and do not share the dataset’s coding framework.

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